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特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(Cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)在控制人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染和病毒复制过程中起关键作用。HIV-1通过在CTL表位内部或侧翼发生突变逃逸HLA限制性CTL造成的免疫压力,但是部分逃逸突变是以损失病毒适应性为代价。病毒逃逸会导致相应CTL反应水平减弱,免疫系统会产生针对突变病毒株的CTL反应。HIV-1逃逸突变与宿主的CTL反应在宿主体内相互博弈。本文重点综述CTL免疫压力下HIV-1病毒发生逃逸突变的研究进展。
Specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a key role in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and viral replication. HIV-1 escapes immune pressure caused by HLA-restricted CTLs by mutating inside or flanking the CTL epitope, but some escape mutations are at the expense of viral fitness. The escape of the virus causes the corresponding CTL response to diminish and the immune system produces a CTL response to the mutant strain. The HIV-1 escape mutation interacts with the host CTL responses in the host. This review focuses on the research progress of escape mutations of HIV-1 virus under CTL immune stress.