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目的：探讨血透与非透析疗法对急性肾衰（ＡＲＦ）并发症及病死率的影响，分析主要死因变化。方法：对９９例ＡＲＦ患者，分血透（ＨＤ）组（５０例）与非透析（ＮＤ）组（４９例）进行回顾研究。分析并发症与病死率的关系及直接死因。结果：病死率：ＮＤ组４６．９％，ＨＤ组２０．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。并发症：心衰、心律紊乱、中枢神经系统病变，ＨＤ组明显低于ＮＤ组；感染、多脏衰（ＭＳＯＦ）和消化道出血无统计学意义。主要死因：ＮＤ组依次为ＭＳＯＦ、心衰及心律紊乱；ＨＤ组感染居第１，ＭＳＯＦ次之。结论：血液透析通过有效地防治心衰、心律紊乱及中枢神经系统并发症而降低ＡＲＦ的病死率，但不能降低ＡＲＦ感染发生率，感染为ＡＲＦ患者最主要的并发症和首位死因。
Objective: To investigate the effects of hemodialysis and non-dialysis therapy on the complication and mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) and to analyze the changes of the main causes of death. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 99 patients with ARF who underwent hemodialysis (HD) (50 cases) and non-dialysis (ND) cases (49 cases). Analysis of complications and mortality and the direct cause of death. Results: The mortality rate was 46.9% in ND group and 20.0% in HD group (P <0.01). Complications: heart failure, arrhythmia, central nervous system disease, HD group was significantly lower than the ND group; infection, multiple dirty decay (MSOF) and gastrointestinal bleeding was not statistically significant. The main cause of death: ND group followed by MSOF, heart failure and heart rhythm disorders; HD group ranked first in infection, followed by MSOF. Conclusion: Hemodialysis can reduce mortality of ARF by effectively preventing and treating heart failure, arrhythmia and central nervous system complications. However, hemodialysis can not reduce the incidence of ARF infection. ARF infection is the most important complication and the first cause of death.