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六七十年代以来,国外企业对人的管理(人事管理)手段出现了较大变化。概括地说,是由单一的物质刺激和纪律规范限制的硬性管理变为与文化教育、精神激励、心理诱导、民主管理相结合的人事管理模式,把满足与激发员工的精神需要、提高员工的文化道德水平、引导员工树立与企业组织相一致的价值观念和奋斗目标、借助精神情感因素调动员工自觉劳动的积极性,作为企业人事管理的重要手段。美国管理学家托马斯·彼得斯在《赢得优势——领导艺术的较量》中,将这类管理手段称为保证规范性管理制度顺利推行并产生最大效应的
Since the 1960s and 1970s, there have been great changes in the means of management of foreign countries (personnel management) by foreign enterprises. In a nutshell, the rigid management, limited by a single material stimulus and discipline, has become a personnel management model that integrates cultural education, spiritual stimulation, psychological induction and democratic management. It meets the needs of the employees and stimulates their spiritual needs, Cultural and moral level, and guide staff to establish consistent with the business organization values and goals, with emotional and emotional factors to mobilize the enthusiasm of employees consciously as an important means of enterprise personnel management. Thomas Peters, the American management scientist, described this kind of management method as “winning the superiority - the contest of leading art” as ensuring the smooth implementation of the normative management system with the maximum effect