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目的了解对大学生结核菌感染者进行相关干预及连续4年跟踪在控制结核病发病及传播方面取得的结果,为高校结核病防控工作提供参考。方法对河北科技大学2007级学生中结核菌感染者进行预防性医学干预和连续4年跟踪观察,并观察干预效果;对疑似肺结核病例进一步明确诊断并治疗;确诊病例及时隔离治疗,并登记管理及跟踪。结果 2007级学生在校4年来结核菌感染总人数逐年明显增加(χ2值分别为184.51和76.49,P<0.01);而新增感染者人数逐年明显下降(χ2值分别为166.62和37.95,P<0.01),两者差异均有统计学意义,每年新增结核病发病人数稳定,年发病率4年差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.71,P>0.05),平均年发病率为232.0/10万,发病者中痰涂阳性占8.93%;在预防用药方面,肌肉注射“母牛分枝杆菌”(微卡)和口服传统药物预防效果相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.59,P>0.05)。结论大学生每年进行一次结核病筛查,对结核菌感染者采取相关干预和跟踪管理,可有效控制结核病发病及传播,避免结核病在高校暴发流行。
Objective To understand the related interventions on TB infection among college students and the results of continuous 4-year follow-up in controlling the incidence and spread of tuberculosis so as to provide reference for tuberculosis prevention and control in universities. Methods Preventive medical intervention and continuous follow-up observation were conducted for TB infection among Grade 2007 students of Hebei University of Science and Technology for 4 consecutive years and the effect of intervention was observed. The diagnosis and treatment of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were further confirmed. track. Results The total number of TB infection in 2007 students increased significantly year by year (χ2 = 184.51 and 76.49, P <0.01), while the number of newly infected patients decreased year by year (χ2 = 166.62 and 37.95, P < 0.01). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The number of newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases per year was stable. The annual incidence rate of 4 years was no significant difference (χ2 = 0.71, P> 0.05). The average annual incidence rate was 232.0 / The incidence of sputum smear positive accounted for 8.93%; in the prevention of medication, intramuscular injection of “Mycobacterium vaccae” (Mika) and oral traditional medicine prevention effect compared to no significant difference (χ2 = 0.59, P> 0.05). Conclusion College students conduct screening of TB once a year and take relevant interventions and follow-up management of TB infection, which can effectively control the incidence and spread of TB and prevent the outbreak of TB in universities.