0引言船舶压载水被确定为水生物种在全球范围内传播的主要载体,许多细菌、植物、动物以多种形式在船舶压载水和沉积物中生存,甚至在几个月的航行后仍然保持生命力。压载水和沉积物的无控制排放造成对环境、人体健康、财产和资源的损害,必须采取压载水控制和管理措施,降低和最终消除有害水生物、病原体转移带来的风险。 0 Introduction Vessel ballast water has been identified as the main carrier for the spread of aquatic species worldwide. Many bacteria, plants, and animals survive in various forms of ballast water and sediment in ships, even after several months of voyage Still maintain vitality. Ballast water control and management measures must be taken to reduce and eventually eliminate the risks posed by the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens as a result of uncontrolled discharge of ballast water and sediments to the environment, human health, property and resources.