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在日本东北部(Tohoku省),初夏时,由于食用捕获的甲壳类而引起的腹泻病流行偶有发生。这种病被命名为腹泻性甲壳类中毒。在欧州国家已为人所知。近几年病人总数超过一万。病人可患严重腹泻三天,康复后无任何后遗症。尚未见死亡病例报导。(见图)已从甲壳类消化腺中分离出三 种聚醚化合物并鉴定为致病性毒素。Okadaic acid是欧州赂贝的主要毒素而35-meth-ylokadaic acid(=鳍藻毒素-1)及其7-0-酰基衍生物(=鳍藻毒素-3)则为日本甲壳类的主要毒素。对成年人,口服约40微克鳍藻毒素-1即可引起腹泻。这种毒素可使乳鼠小肠中液体大量蓄留,腹腔注
In the northeastern part of Japan (Tohoku), the prevalence of diarrheal diseases caused by consumption of crustaceans caught in the early summer occurred occasionally. The disease is named diarrhea crustacean poisoning. It is well known in European countries. In recent years the total number of patients over 10,000. Patients may have severe diarrhea for three days without any sequelae after recovery. No deaths have been reported. (See photo) Three polyether compounds have been isolated from crustacean digestive glands and identified as pathogenic toxins. Okadaic acid is the major toxin of S. japonicum and 35-meth-ylokadaic acid and its 7-0-acyl derivative (= Treetoxin-3) are the major toxins in Japanese crustaceans. For adults, oral administration of about 40 micrograms of microcystin-1 can cause diarrhea. This toxin can make a large number of liquid in the small intestine of neonatal rats, intraperitoneally injected