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溶胶－凝胶法是制备纳米粉体的一种重要方法．本文以BaTiO3纳米粉体的制备为例，系统地考察了溶剂、加水量、陈化时间和锻烧温度对粉体的形成过程和显微结构的影响．发现不同的溶剂类型能够改变胶凝时间，加水量的多少会影响醇盐水解缩聚物的结构，陈化时间的长短直接改变晶粒的生长状态，煅烧温度的变化对粉体的相结构和晶粒大小有重要的作用．通过研究反应过程的物理化学变化并优化制备工艺，得到了晶粒小、分散性好、低团聚的BaTiO3纳米粒体．
Sol-gel method is an important method to prepare nano-powder. In this paper, the preparation of BaTiO3 nanopowders was taken as an example to systematically investigate the effect of solvent, water addition, aging time and calcination temperature on the formation process and microstructure of the powders. It is found that different solvent types can change the gelation time. The amount of water added will affect the structure of the alkoxide hydrolyzed polycondensate. The aging time directly changes the grain growth state, the calcination temperature changes the phase structure of the powder and crystal Grain size has an important role. By studying the physical and chemical changes of the reaction process and optimizing the preparation process, BaTiO3 nanoparticles with small grains, good dispersion and low agglomeration were obtained.