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[目的]掌握重庆市燃煤型氟中毒病区煤氟含量及其与病情的变化关系,为分析氟中毒的主要氟源提供科学依据。[方法]以病情较重的彭水县的大青村、太平村和巫山县的凌云村、栗子村为调查点,永川区的双楼村、现龙村为对照点,调查8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率,16岁以上人群氟骨症患病情况;检测病区和非病区的煤、拌煤土、拌煤、煤渣、饮用水、土壤、空气中的氟含量,调查病区和非病区居民生活,估算出通过不同途径进入人体的氟的含量。[结果]病区儿童的氟斑牙检出率以及16岁以上人群氟骨症检出率均高于非病区的水平,病区与非病区居民经消化道进入人体的氟含量相差不大,经水体进入人体的氟虽有差别,但未超过国家标准,但病区空气氟含量超过国家标准,经呼吸系统进入人体的氟的总量病区是非病区的7.57倍。[结论]重庆市燃煤型氟中毒氟源是煤,主要的摄氟途径为呼吸系统。
[Objective] To master the relationship between the content of coal fluorine and the change of disease in coal-burning fluorosis area of Chongqing and provide scientific basis for the analysis of the main fluorine sources of fluorosis. [Methods] With the heavier conditions in Daqing Village, Taiping Village and Lingzi Village and Lizi Village in Pengshui County as investigation points and Shuanglou Village and Xianlong Village in Yongchuan County as control points, The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children, the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis among people over 16 years of age, and the fluorine content in coal, mixed coal, coal, cinder, drinking water, soil and air in ward and non-ward areas were investigated Ward and non-ward inhabitants of life, estimated through different channels of fluoride into the body’s content. [Results] The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children in ward and the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis in people over 16 years old were higher than those in non-ward. The difference of fluoride content between residents in ward and non-ward entering the body through digestive tract was not Large, through the body of water into the body of fluorine although the difference, but did not exceed the national standard, but the ward air fluoride content exceeds the national standard, the total amount of fluorine into the body through the respiratory system is 7.57 times the ward. [Conclusion] The source of fluorine in coal-fired fluorosis in Chongqing is coal, and the main route of fluoride intake is the respiratory system.