Ultrafast epitaxial growth of metre-sized single-crystal graphene on industrial Cu foil

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A foundation of the modern technology that uses single-crystal silicon has been the growth of highquality single-crystal Si ingots with diameters up to 12 inches or larger. For many applications of graphene, large-area high-quality(ideally of single-crystal) material will be enabling. Since the first growth on copper foil a decade ago, inch-sized single-crystal graphene has been achieved. We present here the growth, in 20 min, of a graphene film of(5 ×50) cm~2 dimension with >99% ultra-highly oriented grains.This growth was achieved by:(1) synthesis of metre-sized single-crystal Cu(1 1 1) foil as substrate;(2)epitaxial growth of graphene islands on the Cu(1 1 1) surface;(3) seamless merging of such graphene islands into a graphene film with high single crystallinity and(4) the ultrafast growth of graphene film.These achievements were realized by a temperature-gradient-driven annealing technique to produce single-crystal Cu(1 1 1) from industrial polycrystalline Cu foil and the marvellous effects of a continuous oxygen supply from an adjacent oxide. The as-synthesized graphene film, with very few misoriented grains(if any), has a mobility up to ~23,000 cm~2 V~(-1)s~(-1)at 4 K and room temperature sheet resistance of ~230 Ω/□. It is very likely that this approach can be scaled up to achieve exceptionally large and high-quality graphene films with single crystallinity, and thus realize various industrial-level applications at a low cost. A foundation of the modern technology that uses single-crystal silicon has been the growth of highquality single-crystal Si ingots with diameters up to 12 inches or larger. For many applications of graphene, large-area high-quality (ideally of single-crystal Since the first growth on copper foil a decade ago, inch-sized single-crystal graphene has been achieved. We present here the growth, in 20 min, of a graphene film of (5 × 50) cm ~ 2 dimension with> 99% ultra-highly oriented grains. This growth was achieved by: (1) synthesis of meter-sized single-crystal Cu (1 1 1) foil as substrate; (2) epitaxial growth of graphene islands on the Cu (1 1 1) surface; (3) seamless merging of such graphene islands into a graphene film with high single crystallinity and (4) the ultrafast growth of graphene film. These achievements were realized by a temperature-gradient-driven annealing technique to produce single-crystal Cu (1 1 1) from industrial polycrystalline Cu foil and the marvell ous effects of a continuous oxygen supply from an adjacent oxide. The as-synthesized graphene film, with very few misoriented grains (if any), has a mobility up to ~ 23,000 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ) at 4 K and room temperature sheet resistance of ~ 230 Ω / □. It is very likely that this approach can be scaled up to achieve exceptionally large and high-quality graphene films with single crystallinity, and thus realize the various industrial-level applications at a low cost.
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