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一、引言船舶抵押权作为担保物权的一种,对于保障债的实现和促进资金融通起着极为重要的作用。因其兼具厚重的理论性与复杂的实务性,而为许多国家立法所关注。我国《海商法》对船舶抵押权设专节作了规定。除此之外,《民法通则》中有关于抵押权的原则性规定,《担保法》中也有关于抵押的专章规定,特别是2000年12月最高人民法院颁发的《关于适用〈中华人民共和国担保法〉问题的解释》(以下简称《〉担保法〉解释》)对抵押权作了进一步的明确。这些规定构成了我国较为完整、系统的(船舶)抵押权法律制度。2005年7月11日,全国人大常委会公布《中华人民共和国物权法(草案)》(第三稿)(以下简称《物权法(草案)》(第三稿)),向全社会公开征求立法意见。该草案对抵押权所作的系统规定,必将对属于《海商法》范畴的船舶抵押权产生重大影响。讨论船舶抵押权的相关法律问题,也是从一个专门角度参与对我国物权法立法的讨论。
I. Introduction The mortgage of ship as a kind of security interest plays an extremely important role in guaranteeing the realization of debt and promoting financial facilities. Because of its heavy theoretical and complex practical, but for many national legislations are concerned. China's “Maritime Law” made provision for the special section of ship mortgage. In addition, the General Principles of Civil Law contains the principle provisions on mortgage rights. The Guarantee Law also contains the special chapter on mortgage. In particular, the Supreme People's Court of December 2000 promulgated the “Provisions on the Application of the People's Republic of China Guarantee Law> Interpretation of the Issue ”(hereinafter referred to as“ Guarantee Law> Interpretation ”) made further clarification of the mortgage right. These provisions constitute the more complete and systematic legal system of the (ship) mortgage in our country. On July 11, 2005, the NPC Standing Committee promulgated the “Real Right Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft)” (third draft) (hereinafter referred to as the “Real Right Law (Draft)” (Third Draft)) and publicly solicited legislative opinions from the whole society. The draft system of mortgage provisions, will belong to the category of “maritime law” ship mortgage have a significant impact. Discussing the related legal issues of the ship mortgage is also a discussion from a special perspective on the legislation of China's property law.