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为了从整个国民经济的角度出发,最有效地利用社会有限的经济资源,使之取得最大的社会效益,有必要进行投资项目的国民经济评价。要进行项目的国民经济评价,有两个重要的问题需要解决:一个是如何确定项目的社会效益与社会成本;一个是如何选择适当的价格作为衡量社会效益与社会成本的尺度。现在先谈第一个问题。项目的效益包括内部效益与外部效益;直接效益与间接效益;有形效益与无形效益,等等。这些效益的总和,构成了项目的社会效益。内部效益是相对于投资者而言的。如果将投资者获得的财务收益或能够被投资者或项目“捕获”的效益用合理的价格反映出来,就是项目的内部效
In order to proceed from the perspective of the entire national economy and to make the most effective use of the limited economic resources of the society so as to achieve the greatest social benefits, it is necessary to evaluate the national economy of investment projects. To carry out the project’s national economic evaluation, there are two important issues that need to be addressed: one is how to determine the social benefits and social costs of the project; the other is how to choose the appropriate price as a measure of social benefits and social costs. Let us first discuss the first question. The benefits of the project include internal and external benefits; direct and indirect benefits; tangible and intangible benefits, and so on. The sum of these benefits constitutes the social benefits of the project. Internal benefits are relative to investors. If the financial gains obtained by investors or the benefits that can be “captured” by investors or projects are reflected at reasonable prices, it is the internal effectiveness of the project.