要提高初中政治课的教育教学质量,最终让学生获取知识、培养能力、提高觉悟,就必须处理好“灌输”与探究的关系。第一次明确提出“灌输”的是列宁。1902年他在《怎么办》一书中曾经指出:“工人阶级本来也不可能有社会民主 In order to improve the quality of education and teaching in junior high school political class and finally let students acquire knowledge, cultivate ability and raise awareness, we must deal with the relationship between ”instillation“ and inquiry. For the first time, it is Lenin who explicitly states that ”indoctrination“ is. In 1902, he pointed out in his book What to Do: ”The working class would have never had social democracy