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[目的]了解农村居民对艾滋病知识的认知与相关羞辱感,以及对日常接触传染艾滋病的惧怕心理,为探索解决导致羞辱和歧视的根源提供依据。[方法]2008年,利用湖南省农村户籍医学专业大学生回乡过春节的机会,对当地农村校外青少年、外出务工返乡过节人员及留守家属进行调查。[结果]调查880人,19项艾滋病相关知识总知晓率为72.63%。其中,校外青少年总知晓率为74.50%,外出务工人员为72.90%,留守家属为73.07%(P>0.05);全部调查对象对艾滋病三大经典传播途径的知晓率为87.41%,对日常接触非传播途径的知晓率仅为56.53%。对于如果发生某些日常接触行为时,55.57%至少有1项回答害怕或担心被HIV感染;对于假设感染了HIV,60.91%有不同程度的羞辱感,认为如果自己、他人或家人感染或患艾滋病应该感到耻辱的分别占50.68%、54.77%、47.16%。[结论]农村居民对艾滋病相关知识有一定程度的了解,但对日常接触非传播途径存在较多的误区,部分人对日常接触传染艾滋病存在恐惧心理,对感染者和病人存在羞辱感。
[Objectives] To understand the rural residents’ cognition and stigma associated with AIDS knowledge and the fear of daily contact and transmission of AIDS, and provide the basis for exploring the root causes of stigma and discrimination. [Methods] In 2008, taking advantage of the opportunity of college students returning from rural hukou in Hunan Province to go back to the country for Spring Festival in 2008, they surveyed off-season rural youth and returned migrant workers and their relatives who left home. [Results] The total awareness rate of HIV / AIDS related knowledge of 880 people was 72.63%. Among them, the total awareness rate of out-of-school adolescents was 74.50%, migrant workers was 72.90%, and left-behind relatives was 73.07% (P> 0.05); all the respondents knew 87.41% of the three classic routes of transmission of AIDS, The awareness of transmission is only 56.53%. At least 1 out of 55.57% of respondents was afraid or worried about being infected with HIV in the event of some daily contact, and 60.91% had some degree of stigma on the assumption of HIV infection, believing that if they, others or their family members were infected or had AIDS Shame should be accounted for 50.68%, 54.77%, 47.16%. [Conclusion] Rural residents have a certain degree of understanding of HIV / AIDS related knowledge, but there are many misunderstandings about the daily non - communicational contact. Some people are afraid of daily contact and transmission of HIV / AIDS, and there is a sense of shame on those infected and their patients.