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主持人:1980年代以后,民政部门为了适应日新月异的农村民政事业发展形势,比照乡镇财政所、水管所、林业站、经管站等所站建制,在部分乡镇政府设置了民政所。起初,乡镇民政所没有机构编制,一般由原有国家干部编制的民政助理员担任所长,另外再聘请1～2名工作人员。对聘用的工作人员,有的县市叫民政协理员,有的叫资料员,还有的地方将乡镇敬老院的工作人员(院长或会计)合并到民政所使用。乡镇民政所是改革开放催生的产物,是基层民政部门在我国社会转型时期对民政事业的发展与创造。它的出现,使“上为中央分忧,下为百姓解愁”的民政宗旨在我国广大的农村社区得到了很好的贯彻落实,切实维护了最广大人民群众的基本生活权益。然而,进入2000年代以后,随着乡镇机构改革和税制改革的不断推进,乡镇民政所面临着许多新的考验和问题,引起了各方面的密切关注。本刊约请了有关方面的人士,对这一问题进行分析和研究,以探求解决的方法和路径。
Moderator: Since the 1980s, in order to adapt to the rapid development of rural civil affairs, the civil affairs department has set up civil affairs offices in some township and town governments in accordance with the establishment of township and town finance offices, water control stations, forestry stations and management stations. At first, the township civil affairs office did not have an establishment, usually with civil assistants from former state cadres as its director, and another 1 or 2 staff members. The hired staff, and some counties and cities called Civil Affairs Association, some called information members, and other places will be the township nursing home staff (dean or accounting) incorporated into the Civil Affairs. Township Civil Affairs Office is the product of the birth of reform and opening up and is the development and creation of civil affairs departments at the grassroots level in civil affairs during the period of social transformation in our country. Its emergence has enabled the “purpose of the civil service” to “share the worry about the central government and the people for the rest of the world” in our vast rural communities and has effectively safeguarded the basic living rights and interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. However, since the 2000s, with the continuous advancement of the reform of township institutions and the reform of taxation system, the township civil affairs administration has faced many new challenges and problems, arousing close attention from all quarters. This journal has invited relevant parties to analyze and study this issue so as to explore ways and means of solution.