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自1945年,《国际法院规约》第38条将国际习惯纳入国际法渊源的名单,规定“国际习惯,作为接受为法律的通例的证据”之后,国际法学界对于习惯国际法形成的要件问题就没有停止过争论,但传统观点还是认为它由两个要件构成:国家实践(物质因素)和法律确信(心理要素)。但是,对于什么是法律确信,它在习惯国际法规范创立过程中的作用和重要性是什么;当法律确信存在时,产生的规范会强加怎样的负担或义务;法律确信如何加以证明等问题,则见仁见智。本文的目的旨在展示这些争论,并加以评述,以对我国习惯法理论研究提供启示。
Since 1945, article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice has incorporated international customary lists of sources of international law, stipulating “international custom as evidence of general acceptance as a law”, international jurisprudence does not address the issue of the formation of customary international law Stop arguing, but the traditional view or think it consists of two elements: national practice (material factors) and legal beliefs (psychological elements). However, what is the role and importance of what is lawfully credible in establishing the norm of customary international law; what burden or obligation is imposed by the norms that arise when the law is certain to exist; and where the law is convinced of how to prove it, then Different opinions. The purpose of this paper is to show these controversies and comment on them to provide some enlightenment for the study of the theory of customary law in our country.