文学的世界是审美的世界 ,文学批评便是对艺术世界的审美批评 ,而不是对日常世界的政治批评与道德批评。由于中国历史文化情境的特殊性 ,政治审判与伦理审判在文学研究中较为突出。其主要表现在 :作家政治身份决定论 ;政治题材决定论 ;政治价值决定论 ;文学之争延为政治之争。政治审判造成文学标准的扭曲、文学与生活关系的扭曲等诸种弊端。文学可以有实用的艺术与审美的艺术 ,但文学批判则只能首先是审美的批评 ,对现代文学的批评 ,也应是审美的艺术 The world of literature is the aesthetic world, and literary criticism is the aesthetic criticism of the world of art, not the political criticism and moral criticism of the everyday world. Due to the particularity of Chinese historical and cultural situations, political trial and ethical trial are more prominent in literary studies. Its main manifestations are as follows: writer’s political identity determinism; political subject matter determinism; political value determinism; literary struggle is a political dispute. Political trial caused distortion of literary standards, distortion of the relationship between literature and life, and other defects. Literature can have practical art and aesthetic art, but literary criticism can only be the first aesthetic criticism, the criticism of modern literature should also be the aesthetic art