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目的:探讨小切口徒手置钉微创分离手术治疗脊柱转移瘤患者的安全性以及有效性。方法:收集2019年5月至2019年12月共49例进行小切口徒手置钉微创分离手术的脊柱转移瘤患者资料，其中男21例，平均年龄（55.62±2.97）岁（范围：26~75岁），女28例，平均年龄（52.50±1.76）岁（范围：34~72岁）。对于术前有原发肿瘤病史，出现多发转移患者不进行术前常规活检诊断；对于原发灶不明、没有肿瘤病史的患者，需术前进行穿刺活检明确诊断。术前用卡氏功能状态评分（Karnofsky performance status，KPS）评估患者一般情况、脊柱肿瘤脊柱不稳评分（spinal instability neoplastic score，SINS）评估患者脊柱稳定性、硬膜外脊髓受压（epidural spinal cord compression, ESCC）评估脊髓神经受压程度、Frankel脊髓损伤分级评估神经功能情况。对符合纳排标准的患者采取经后路小切口徒手置钉微创分离手术进行减压及内固定。分别收集患者一般资料、围手术期临床资料、神经功能恢复情况和并发症，包括术前神经功能评价、手术时间、术中失血、术后引流量、引流管拔除时间、切口并发症、住院时间、术后4周评价神经功能恢复情况等，并对其进行分析研究。结果:术前对1例(2.04%)肾癌脊柱转移患者进行了肿瘤栓塞，术中平均失血量为（748.60±79.39）ml，12例富血供脊柱转移瘤（肝癌、肾癌、甲状腺癌）术中出血量为970.80 ml，37例非富血供脊柱转移瘤为676.50 ml，差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）。49例的手术时间为（213.40±9.87）min。41例手术涉及1节段（83.67%），8例涉及2个以上节段（16.33%）。49例术后引流量为（494.02±63.30）ml，引流管保留时间为（4.50±0.26）d，平均住院天数为（7.35±0.38）d，术后平均住院时间（5.31±0.29）d。术前神经功能Frankel分级以C和D级为主，占79.59%；术后4周评价神经功能保持稳定或改善的患者占95.92%，与术前相比，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05). The average operation time was 213.40±9.87 min. The operation involved 1 segment was performed in 41 patients (83.67%) and 8 patients had separation of 2 or more segments. The post-operative drainage before discharge was 494.02±63.30 ml. The average drainage tube retention time was 4.50±0.26 d and the average length of hospital stay was 7.35±0.38 d. The post-operative hospitalization was 5.31±0.29 d. 79.59% of patients had the neurological functions of Frankel grade C and D before surgery and 95.92% of patients exhibited stable and improved function at 4 weeks after surgery which was significantly improved comparing with that before surgery (n P<0.05). The complications occurred were dural rupture (1 case), infection (1 case) and hematoma (1 case).n Comparison:The minimally invasive separation surgery with small incision and free hand screw placement could achieve less trauma, low complications rate, rapid postoperative recovery. It is also comparable to the traditional open separation surgery in terms of spinal stability and improvement of neurological functions. It is an excellent alternative for patient with spinal metastases.