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华北地区土壤全磷量约在0.1～0.15％之间。但土壤中的磷,大部分是以难溶性状态存在,作物难于利用。因此,在农业生产上如何使土壤中这些磷“解放”出来?又如何使难溶性磷肥增加其溶解性?近年来不少学者作了很多研究,其中生物措施是很重要的一方面。 1978年以来,我们承担了石油化工部解磷微生物研究的课题,先后在室内、室外进行了试验。我们先进行了菌种的选育,另外在解磷机制方面也进行了一些探讨性试验,都获得了一定成果。 室内项目有菌种诱变处理,纯种分离,菌种性能鉴定;室外项目有田间小面积的肥效试验。此外在温室里进行了盆栽试验。现将试验结果汇总如下:
Soil total phosphorus in North China is about 0.1 ~ 0.15%. However, phosphorus in the soil mostly exists in a state of being hardly soluble, making it difficult to utilize the crop. Therefore, how to “liberate” these phosphates from the soil in agricultural production and how to make the insoluble phosphates increase their solubility? In recent years, many scholars have done a lot of research, of which biological measures are very important. Since 1978, we have undertaken the research on Phosphate-solubilizing Microorganisms of the Ministry of Petrochemical Industry and conducted experiments in indoor and outdoor. We first carried out the selection of strains of bacteria, and in addition we also carried out some exploratory experiments in the mechanism of phosphorus release, and all achieved some results. Indoor projects have strains of mutagenic treatment, purebred separation, identification of species performance; outdoor projects have a small field fertilizer test. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse. The test results are summarized below: