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柴达木盆地为一受多期构造影响的复合型沉积盆地,可划分为北部块断带、西部坳陷区和东部坳陷区三大构造单元。盆地内地层层序发育较全,除太古界外,元古界、古生界和中新生界均有出露,其中三叠纪之前以海相沉积为主,侏罗纪之后以陆相沉积为主。烃源岩为侏罗系、古近—新近系和第四系,分别分布于盆地北缘、西部和东部。盆地内储层特征以碎屑砂岩储集体和裂缝性储层为主;主要有构造油气藏、地层油气藏和岩性油气藏三种类型。盆地总的油气资源量为46.8×108t,石油、天然气探明率分别为11.81%和9.31%。近年来,盆地内勘探开发成果展示了良好的前景,但仍存在诸多地质认识问题和技术难题。即将开展的全国油气资源战略选区调查与评价专项,对这些理论认识的突破和技术攻关的成功具有促进作用,因此,柴达木盆地油气资源勘探开发仍具较大潜力。
The Qaidam Basin is a complex sedimentary basin affected by multi-stage structures and can be divided into three structural units in the northern block fault zone, the western depression zone and the eastern depression zone. The sequence stratigraphy in the basin is quite complete. Except Archean boundary, the Proterozoic, Paleozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic have been exposed. Before the Triassic, the marine sediments were dominant. After the Jurassic, the continental deposition was the Lord. Source rocks are Jurassic, Paleo-Neogene and Quaternary, which are distributed in the northern margin, west and east of the basin, respectively. The characteristics of the reservoirs in the basin are mainly clastic sandstone reservoirs and fractured reservoirs. There are mainly three types of structural reservoirs, stratigraphic reservoirs and lithologic reservoirs. The total amount of oil and gas resources in the basin is 46.8 × 108t, and the proved rates of oil and natural gas are 11.81% and 9.31% respectively. In recent years, the exploration and development achievements in the basin have shown a good prospect, but there are still many geological problems and technical problems. The forthcoming special project of oil and gas resources strategic constituency survey and evaluation will promote the breakthrough of these theories and the success of technical tackling. Therefore, the exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the Qaidam Basin still have great potential.