一、社会系统分析和社会变迁自圣西门、孔德、斯宾塞、马克思和涂尔干的时代以来,宏观社会学集中于论述整体社会的变迁或发展问题。当代社会学不能囿于用社会变迁和发展过程的公式所表示的问题,而必须超越它。本文意图建立一个整体社会层次的社会变迁的分析模型。这个模型将侧重于由工业化所引起的整体社会的增长和发展。社会变迁的理论并不限于工业化理论。整体社会层次的社会变迁的另外一些理论还有循环论和文化移入论。另外还有涉及诸如组织和小群 I. Sociological Analysis and Social Change Since the days of Saint-Simon, Conde, Spencer, Marx and Durkheim, macro-sociology has focused on the changes or development of the whole society. Contemporary sociology can not ignore the problems expressed by the formula of social change and development process, but must surpass it. This article intends to establish an analytical model of social change at the level of society as a whole. This model will focus on the growth and development of the whole society caused by industrialization. The theory of social change is not limited to industrial theory. Other theories of social change at the social level as a whole include the theory of circulation and the theory of cultural integration. There are other things involved, such as organizations and small groups