一具有共軛体系的高聚物的特殊电磁性能研究,从1959年以来,已逐漸引起人們注意。在此之后,各国科学家相继进行了大量的工作。但要进一步开展这方面的研究,合成出具有理想結构的高分子,以闡敍它在电磁性能上的特殊性,就必須对其結构进行分析、探討。而在結构工作中,首先要解决的則是如何鉴定共軛体系的問題。分子吸收光譜(可見及紫外、紅外吸收光譜)是研究有机物結构、鉴定共軛体系最常用、最有效的方法之一。应用这一方法(尤其是可見及紫外吸收光譜)来鉴定小分子共軛体系,巳总結出一套經驗規律,这对于高聚物的共軛体系的判断有着重要作用。本文打算以小分子共軛体系的吸收光譜判据为主,結合已有的高聚物的某些工作,就共軛体系的吸收光譜判据作一概括。由于共軛体系包括的种类很多,涉及范围甚广,这里不可能都談到,仅就最主要、最常见的π—π共軛体系(鏈状和环状)进行一些初步的探討。二具有共軛体系的小分子或高聚物的最大特点,就在于有着大量π电子存在,这些π电子較之σ电子有 The research on the special electromagnetic properties of a polymer with conjugated system has drawn more and more attention since 1959. Since then, scientists from all over the world have carried out a great deal of work in succession. However, to further carry out research in this area and synthesize a polymer with an ideal structure to clarify its particularity in electromagnetic properties, we must analyze and discuss its structure. In the structural work, the first problem to be solved is how to identify the conjugated system. Molecular absorption spectroscopy (visible and UV, infrared absorption spectroscopy) is one of the most commonly used and effective methods to study the structure of organic compounds and to identify conjugated systems. The identification of small molecule conjugated systems using this method (especially visible and UV absorption spectroscopy) has led to a set of empirical laws that are important for the judgment of conjugated polymers in polymers. In this paper, we mainly consider the absorption spectra of small molecule conjugate systems, and summarize the absorption spectra of conjugate systems based on some work of the existing polymers. Since the conjugate system includes many types and covers a wide range, it is impossible to say here that only some of the most important and common π-π conjugated systems (chain and ring) are discussed. Two of the most prominent feature of small molecules or polymers with conjugate system is the existence of a large number of π electrons,