六十年代以来,从欧洲发展起来的“新奥法”对地下工程支护设计和施工的重要贡献在于:它摆脱了过去把支护结构作为被动地承受山岩压力的传统做法,着眼于主动地加固开挖后的围岩,改善其应力状态,控制围岩的松弛,充分发挥围岩的自身强度,以保持长期稳定。新奥法的主要支护手段是喷射混凝土,岩石锚杆, Since the 1960s, the “New Austrian Law” developed from Europe has made an important contribution to the design and construction of underground engineering support in that it has freed itself from the traditional practice of using the support structure as a passively passive rock and rock pressure, focusing on active Strengthen the surrounding rock after excavation to improve its stress state, control the relaxation of surrounding rock and give full play to the strength of the surrounding rock in order to maintain long-term stability. The main support method of the new Austrian law is shotcrete, rock bolt,