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近年来,许多国家都发生了不同程度的公路隧道火灾事故,在国际上引起了广泛的关注。因此,火灾工程分析方法在国际隧道防火设计上的应用越来越普遍。通过引入可维生环境的设计概念,当隧道内发生火灾时,利用纵向通风模式达到满足隧道内人员疏散逃生要求的目的。厦门翔安隧道是国内第1条大断面海底隧道,全长约9 km,海底隧道长5.95 km。本文首先分析了厦门翔安隧道的特点,然后引入了国际上常用的进行火灾工程分析所使用的可维生环境概念,最后对该工程进行了火灾模拟分析。假定隧道内发生火灾的最大释热量为30 MW,分析后发现设计单位采用的2.5 m/s临界风速不能满足火灾工况下的烟控要求,烟气有回流现象发生。因此建议临界风速由2.5 m/s提高到3.0 m/s,确保烟气能被有效控制以保证隧道防火安全。在纵向风速为3.0 m/s的情况下,分析了火灾发展不同时刻的可维生环境参数,确保隧道内人员能安全疏散,从而提升厦门翔安隧道烟控、消防、防灾系统的整体设计水平。
In recent years, many countries have experienced different degrees of road tunnel fire accidents, causing widespread international concern. Therefore, the application of fire engineering analysis method in international tunnel fire protection design is more and more common. By introducing a design concept of a viable environment, the vertical ventilation mode can be used to meet the evacuation requirements of evacuees in the tunnel when a fire occurs in the tunnel. Xiamen Xiang’an Tunnel is the first large cross-section tunnel in China with a total length of 9 km and a length of 5.95 km. This paper first analyzes the characteristics of Xiang’an tunnel in Xiamen, and then introduces the concept of subsistence environment which is commonly used in fire engineering analysis in the world. Finally, fire simulation analysis of the project is carried out. Assuming that the maximum heat release of a fire in a tunnel is 30 MW, it is found that the critical wind speed of 2.5 m / s adopted by the design unit can not meet the smoke control requirements under fire conditions and the backflow of flue gas occurs. Therefore, it is suggested that the critical wind speed be increased from 2.5 m / s to 3.0 m / s to ensure that the flue gas can be effectively controlled to ensure the fire safety of the tunnel. Under the circumstance of longitudinal wind speed of 3.0 m / s, the author analyzed the environment parameters at different times of fire development and ensured the evacuation of personnel in the tunnel, so as to enhance the overall design of smoke control, fire prevention and disaster prevention system in Xiang’an tunnel in Xiamen Level.