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随着人类历史的推进,语言也在不断地发展变化。在我国白话文替代文言文成为传播交流的语言工具尽管不足一个世纪,但它的使用和发展却让我们远离了文言。对于今天的中学生来说,文言更是一个遥远而深奥的概念。“理解常见实词在文中的含义”是中学文言文教学的一个重要内容,也是高考的必考内容,因此把握古汉语实词含义不仅能轻松应对考试,在笔者看来,它更是学生学习古代汉语的一把钥匙,引导学生克服文言难关的制胜法宝。如何才能让学生更轻松地把握住古汉语实词的含义呢?笔者在多年文言教学中总结了四个主要的方法。
With the advancement of human history, languages are constantly evolving and changing. Although it has been less than a century to replace the classical Chinese vernacular language in our vernacular language tool, its use and development has kept us away from classical Chinese. For today’s middle school students, classical Chinese is more of a distant and esoteric concept. “Understanding the meaning of common real words in the text” is an important part of the teaching of classical Chinese in middle schools, and it is also a mandatory examination content of the college entrance examination. Therefore, grasping the meaning of real words in ancient Chinese can not only easily respond to examinations, but in my opinion, it is more important for students to learn ancient Chinese. A key to guide students to overcome the difficulties of classical Chinese learning. How can we make it easier for students to grasp the meaning of ancient Chinese real words? The author has summarized four major methods in many years of classical Chinese teaching.