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恩口、斗立山、桥头河是湘中地区三个毗连的含煤盆地,总面积300平方公里,是一个中间低,四周高,呈北东——南西向延伸的汇水盆地。区内旱季降雨量345—650毫米,雨季为750～1980毫米,年降两量在1023—1475毫米之间。地表水系发育迳流较强,壶天河流量0.008—51.67米~3/秒,小碧河为0—64.77米~3/秒,湄水平均流量为1.2—1460米~3/秒。地表迳流通过岩溶通道及渗透与矿区地下水发生连系。矿区历史上无地震,但随着煤矿开采向深层发展、采空区的不断扩大,自1973年以后每年都发生小震,据不完全统计1974年至1886年4月已发生Ms0.5～2.2级地震26次(表1)。地震的频度和强度均有增高增强之势。这些地震震级虽不高,但因震源浅,并伴有地表塌陷,故当地群众感震强,造成局部地表破坏和房屋开裂,威协矿山安全,影响群众情绪。因此,深入研究该区地震的活动特点,探讨其成因,对确保矿山的安全和探索地震活动规律都有重要意义。
There are three contiguous coal-bearing basins in the middle area of Hunan Province, with a total area of 300 square kilometers. It is a catchment basin with a low middle level and a high level in the northeast and a south-west extension. The dry season rainfall of 345-650 mm, the rainy season is 750 ~ 1980 mm, the amount of annual decline between 1023-1475 mm. The development of surface water system is strong, the flow of pot days 0.008-51.67 m ~ 3 / sec, the small blue river is 0-64.77 m ~ 3 / sec, the average flow of Mekong is 1.2-1460 m ~ 3 / sec. Surface flow through the karst channels and infiltration and mining groundwater connected. There have been no earthquakes in the history of the mining area. However, with the deep development of coal mining and the continuous expansion of the goaf, small earthquakes have occurred since 1973, according to incomplete statistics. From 1974 to April 1886, Ms0.5 ~ 2.2 26 earthquakes (Table 1). The frequency and intensity of earthquakes both increase and increase. Although the magnitudes of these earthquakes are not high, the local people feel shaky because of the shallow source and the surface subsidence, resulting in local surface damage and house cracking, threatening the safety of the Mines Association mines and affecting the mood of the masses. Therefore, in-depth study of the characteristics of the earthquake activity in the area to explore its causes, to ensure the safety of mines and explore the laws of seismic activity are of great significance.