根据黄潮土 18年肥料定位试验的系统资料 ,研究了不同施肥处理下的土壤钾素平衡、速效钾的变化以及钾肥的效应。结果表明 :1长期不施钾肥或仅施化学钾肥 ,土壤钾素始终亏缺 ,有机厩肥 -无机化肥配合施用 ,土壤钾素可达到平衡有余 ;2不施钾肥的 NP处理 ,第 1年土壤速效钾含量即达到“最低值”,连续施用钾肥的 NPK处理 ,10年后土壤速效钾含量趋于稳定 ;3土壤钾素呈亏缺状况下 ,土壤缓效钾含量与作物产量显著相关 ,且缓效钾是被作物吸收的主要钾源 ;4在全钾和缓效钾含量较高、速效钾含量低的黄潮土上 ,钾肥与氮、磷肥配施具有较好的增产效果 ,与有机厩肥配合施用则肥效下降 According to the systematic data of fertilization experiments of 18 years in Huangchao soil, the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the balance of soil potassium, the change of available potassium and the effect of potash fertilizer were studied. The results showed that: 1 long-term no potassium fertilizer or only chemical potassium fertilizer, soil potassium always deficit, organic manure - inorganic fertilizers with the application of soil potassium balance can be achieved; 2 without NP fertilizer application, the first year of soil available Potassium content reached the “minimum value”, NPK treatment of continuous application of potassium fertilizer, soil available potassium content ten years after the stabilization; 3 under the condition of soil potassium deficiency, slow soil potassium content and crop yield were significantly correlated Potassium was the main source of potassium absorbed by crop plants. 4 Potassium and nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers had a good yield increase in yellow soil with high potassium and slow potassium content and low available potassium, Fertility decline