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在萨缪尔逊笔下,政府作为社会代表总是在最大化“全民利益”或社会全体成员的“共同利益”。这种有关政府的假设,使政府与其说是一个具体的社会实体,不如说像一个凌驾于世俗社会和人类七情六欲之上、全知全能、只行善事、代表社会主体进行最大化选择的“超人”。但在现实生活中,能让人对这个假设置疑的事情太多了。因此有人提出,用描述现实中追求私利但有可能在追求私利过程中增进社会经济发展的市井民众的“经济人”概念延伸应用于分析政府行为的理论。政府也在“最大化”,但最大化的也是某种特殊利益,而不是全民利益;
In Samuelson’s writing, the government, as a social representative, is always maximizing “the interests of all the people” or the “common interests” of all members of society. This assumption about the government makes the government not a specific social entity, but rather a “superhuman” that is superior to the worldly society and human beings’ emotions, the omniscient and omnipotence, the only good deeds, and the largest choice of social subjects. But in real life, there are too many things to question this hypothesis. Therefore, it has been suggested that the concept of “economic man”, a citizen of the world who describes the actual pursuit of private interests but may promote social and economic development in the pursuit of private interests, should be extended to the theory of analyzing government behavior. The government is also “maximizing”, but it is also a special interest rather than a national interest.