概述超声波无损检测领域出现的一些新进展，如衍射漂移时间测定技术、综合光圈聚焦技术、声波显微镜和分裂光谱处理技术，特别介绍了高灵敏度的缺陷尺寸测定和特征识别。介绍在作者的实验室完成的，用超声波对奥氏体不锈钢的晶粒进行的测定，对9Cr－1Mo钢微观结构特点进行的识别和对焊接接头的残余应力进行的测定。 In this paper, some new developments in the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing are summarized, such as diffraction drift time measurement, integrated aperture focusing, acoustic microscope and split spectrum processing. In particular, high sensitivity defect size measurement and feature recognition are introduced. Described in the author’s laboratory, the ultrasonic determination of austenitic stainless steel grain, 9Cr-1Mo steel microstructure characteristics of the identification and determination of the residual stress of welded joints.