泌尿系统包括肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道。其功能主要为排出代谢废物,维持和调节人体的水、电解质平衡和酸碱平衡。泌尿系统疾病很多,本讲只重点介绍给肾小球肾炎和肾盂肾炎。第一节肾小球肾炎肾小球肾炎简称肾炎,是一种与链球菌感染有关的变态反应性疾病,病变常弥漫累及两侧肾脏的大部肾小球。临床主要表现有蛋白尿、血尿、水肿、高血压和肾功能障碍等。病因及发病机理肾炎病因尚未完全明了。一般认为与A族乙型 The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Its main function is to discharge metabolic waste, maintain and regulate the body’s water, electrolyte balance and acid-base balance. Many urological diseases, this talk focuses only on glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. Section glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis referred to as nephritis, is an allergic disease associated with streptococcal infection, lesions often involving most of the bilateral glomerular kidney. Clinical manifestations of proteinuria, hematuria, edema, hypertension and renal dysfunction. Etiology and pathogenesis The cause of nephritis is not yet fully understood. Generally believed that with A family B