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第二次世界大战后的西方文艺界,流派纷呈,思潮迭起,出现了一系列引人注目的现象。学术界透过现象看本质,在众多的文艺流派背后发现了某种惊人的一致性和相似之处。其特征是:不但否定19世纪以来的批判现实主义,而且还把矛头直指本世纪初以来的现代主义,试图超越或者综合这两者。于是,学者们创造了“后现代主义”一词来指代当代西方文坛的这一主潮,意即现代主义之后的现代主义,或比现代主义更为新颖的现代主义。自60年代以来,“现代主义衰竭,后现代主义崛起”就成为美国及西欧文艺批评界最令人瞩目同时也最令人困惑的课题。
After the Second World War, the western literary and art circles were full of genres and currents of thoughts, and a series of compelling phenomena appeared. By looking at the essence of phenomena, academics have found some astonishing consistency and similarities behind many literary genres. Its features are: not only denying critical realism since the 19th century, but also directing it toward modernism since the beginning of this century and attempting to surpass or combine both. As a result, scholars have created the term “postmodernism” to refer to the tide of contemporary Western literary world, meaning modernism after modernism or modernism more modern than modernism. Since the 1960s, “the failure of modernism and the rise of post-modernism” have become the most remarkable and also the most puzzling topics in the literary critic circles in the United States and Western Europe.