,One man’s trash-another man’s treasure: fecal transplantation

来源 :肝胆外科与营养 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:TC3000
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
Discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the field of oncology. Immune checkpoints play a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Under normal situation, immune responses are regulated by a balance between co-stimulatory and inhibitory signals referred to as"immune checkpoints". Activated T cells express multiple co-inhibitory receptors such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) that are primary mediators of immune effector responses to self-proteins, chronic infections and tumor antigens. In tumors these immune checkpoints allow the tumor cells to dodge anti-tumor response (1). Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) block these immune checkpoints allowing the immune system to attack tumor cells (2). Although the immune system has the inherent ability to distinguish self from non-self and thus typically mount an attack on the non-self-cancer cells; over-activation of the immune response can lead to serious adverse events collectively called immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (3). While activation of the immune system and development of irAEs has been associated with better outcomes for underlying cancer (4), the associated side effects increase morbidity and mortality in addition to having a negative impact on patient’s quality of life. irAEs associated with CPI therapy can have delayed manifestation and present after the CPI have been discontinued (5).
其他文献
食品生产企业的财务管理规划能够在一定程度上准确反映公司的经营现状,可以帮助企业在一定条件下做出正确的决定,最大限度提高企业的利益.随着现代食品生产企业经济的快速发
目前,到口腔科就诊的患者越来越多,如何有效的控制口腔疾病感染成为急需解决的重要问题。本文介绍了口腔疾病感染的多种途径,如血液和唾液飞沫,医务人员的手污染等,并提出了
近年来,国家颁布了一系列促进公路运输经济的发展政策,但在我国经济体制中,传统因素对于经济体制的影响巨大,导致现代互联网技术的应用在公路运输经济中得不到广泛普及,信息
期刊
本文在道路运输经济管理的基础上,对道路运输经济管理的重要性进行详细分析,并对道路运输经济的改进对策进行深入研究,以供相关人员参考.
目的 探讨张家口市狂犬病暴露者发病因素,为防控工作提供科学依据.方法 运用描述流行病学方法对张家口市2006-2011年狂犬病暴露者的发病因素进行分析研究.结果 张家口市2006-
目的 掌握门源县居民高血压及其相关行为危险因素流行病学状况,找出影响高血压患病的主要危险因素,为当地开展针对性的高血压预防控制提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样
通过对首例新型布尼亚病毒感染致发热伴血小板减少综合征的发病特点和流行特点,进行现场流行病学调查了解病例的暴露史,通过实验室检测病例血清和媒介病原。病例于2011年6月
我国国民经济迅速发展趋势下对交通运输业提出了更高的发展要求,可持续发展理念顺应社会和经济要求被提出.在整个交通运输行业中,公路因其特殊的优势占有重要的地位,并由此带
在当下大数据及信息技术广泛应用的基础下,各电力企业在电力营销中应注意从自身实际发展情况出发,创新电力营销管理方法,将大数据技术应用与管理机制合理配合,才能保证营销管