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试验采用随机区组实验设计,通过不同施肥处理对襄垣五阳煤矿的采煤沉陷区复垦土壤进行了研究,施肥方案为:空白(CK)、无机肥(C)、无机肥+菌肥(CB)、有机肥+无机肥(CM)、无机肥+有机肥+菌肥(CMB)。试验结果表明:(1)4种施肥处理均能提高土壤有机质和呼吸作用的含量,且CMB、CM及CB处理最为显著。(2)有机肥和菌肥可以显著提高土壤酶活性,不同生育期脲酶、磷酸酶含量以CMB处理最为显著,蔗糖酶含量以CM处理最显著。(3)有机肥和菌肥对于提高土壤中的微生物碳氮效果显著。CMB,CM处理的微生物碳比CB处理增加了11%～34%,比无机肥(C)处理增加了35%～63%,CMB,CM处理的微生物氮比CB处理增加了31%～51%,比C处理增加了52%～100%。在土地复垦过程中,建议以有机肥和菌肥以及无机肥的配合使用为主,其可有效增加土壤有机质,提高土壤生物活性,改善土壤微生物的环境,增加土壤养分的和土壤的熟化。
The randomized block experiment design was adopted to study the reclaimed soil in coal mining subsidence area of Wuyang Coal Mine in Xiangyuan through different fertilization treatments. The fertilization programs were as follows: CK, inorganic fertilizer C, inorganic fertilizer + CB), organic fertilizer + inorganic fertilizer (CM), inorganic fertilizer + organic fertilizer + microbial fertilizer (CMB). The results showed that: (1) The four kinds of fertilization treatments could increase the content of soil organic matter and respiration, and the treatments of CMB, CM and CB were the most significant. (2) Organic fertilizer and bacteriostat could significantly increase soil enzyme activity. The contents of urease and phosphatase in different growth stages were the most significant in CMB, and the content of sucrase in CM was the most significant. (3) Organic fertilizers and bacteriostats have significant effect on improving microbial carbon and nitrogen in the soil. The microbial carbon in CMB and CM treatments increased by 11% -34% compared with CB treatment, 35% -63% more than that of inorganic fertilizer (C) treatment, and increased by 31% -51% in CMB and CM-treated microbial nitrogen compared with CB treatment , Than the C treatment increased by 52% to 100%. In the process of land reclamation, it is suggested that the combination of organic fertilizer and bacteriostat and inorganic fertilizer should be used mainly. It can effectively increase soil organic matter, enhance soil biological activity, improve soil microbial environment and increase soil nutrient and soil ripening.