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水体富营养化现象日益严重及藻类水华的频繁暴发已成为全球广泛关注的环境问题。而微囊藻毒素(Microcystin,MCs)是在蓝藻水华污染中出现频率最高、造成危害最严重的一种环七肽肝毒素。目前,蓝藻水华的研究主要集中在MCs对水产动物及哺乳动物造成的伤害。大量研究表明,作为肝毒素的MCs具有稳定性,不但能够在生物链中积累,而且能够诱导细胞凋亡,造成氧化应激反应,甚至可直接损伤遗传物质DNA。因此该文就MCs引起的毒理学效应(包括肝、肾毒性,诱导细胞凋亡,调控相关基因的转录,影响相关蛋白的表达及免疫系统的影响)进行了综述。
The increasing eutrophication of water bodies and the frequent outbreak of algal blooms have become the environmental issues of widespread concern in the world. Microcystin (MCs) is a kind of cyclic heptapeptide hepatic toxin which has the highest frequency and causes the most serious pollution in algal blooms. At present, the research on cyanobacteria bloom mainly focuses on the harm caused by MCs to aquatic animals and mammals. Numerous studies have shown that the stability of MCs as hepatotoxins can not only accumulate in the biological chain, but also induce apoptosis, cause oxidative stress and even directly damage genetic material DNA. Therefore, the toxicological effects of MCs (including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, regulation of the transcription of related genes, the expression of related proteins and the influence of the immune system) were reviewed.