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目的 观察特发性黄斑裂孔的光学相干断层扫描（ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｔｏｍ ｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＯＣＴ）图像的形态特征。 方法 对６５ 例直接检眼镜或三面镜检查诊断为特发性黄斑裂孔的患者的７０ 只患眼进行ＯＣＴ、眼底彩色照相和／或荧光素眼底血管造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎ ａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＦＦＡ）检查，结合临床特征对ＯＣＴ图像进行分析。 结果 ７０ 只眼中，１，２，３，４ 期黄斑裂孔分别为１１，１２，３６，１１ 只眼。ＯＣＴ图像特征１ 期者表现为黄斑中心凹变浅或消失，神经上皮层浅脱离，中心凹平均厚度为（３２４．５５±１３９．９２） μｍ ；２ 期者为视网膜表层部分缺失伴小的视网膜组织全层缺损，裂孔的表面有一个可贴附的盖，裂孔平均孔径为（２４１．７５±１０７．０８） μｍ ；３ 期者为神经上皮层全层缺损，游离盖或无盖，裂孔周围可伴有不同程度囊样水肿，裂孔孔径为（６９９．７８±１６０．９９） μｍ ；４ 期者图像特征与３ 期相似，但伴黄斑区和视盘玻璃体后脱离，裂孔孔径（６３１．３６±２４３．４６） μｍ 。 结论 ＯＣＴ能直观、清晰地显示特发性黄斑裂孔的横截面形态特征，同时能精确地测量裂孔的大小。
Objective To observe the morphological characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of idiopathic macular holes. Methods Seventy-seven eyes of 65 patients diagnosed as idiopathic macular holes with direct ophthalmoscopy or tri-mirror were examined by OCT, fundus photography and / or fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) Features OCT images are analyzed. Results 70 eyes, 1, 2, 3, 4 macular holes were 11,12,36,11 eyes. In the first phase of OCT image, the fovea showed faint or disappeared, the neuroepithelial layer was shallowly separated, and the average thickness of the fovea was (324.55 ± 139.92) μm. In the second phase, the retina was partially missing with a small retina Tissue defects were found in all cases. There was a cover that could be affixed on the surface of the hole. The average pore size of the hole was (241.75 ± 107.08) μm. The third stage was full-thickness neuroepithelial defect with or without cap and perforation (699.78 ± 160.99) μm. The features of stage 4 were similar to those of stage 3, but the posterior detachment with macular area and optic disc vitreum, the pore size (631.36 ± 243.46) μm. Conclusion OCT can visually and clearly show the cross-sectional morphological characteristics of idiopathic macular hole, and can accurately measure the size of the hole.