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目的了解贵州省丹寨县2004-2008年乙型病毒性肝炎(乙型肝炎)的流行特征,为制定控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对丹寨县2004-2008年乙型肝炎病例进行分析。结果丹寨县2004-2008年乙型肝炎发病率逐年上升,年均发病率为83.30/10万。全年各月均有发病,发病高峰不明显。以20~29岁发病率最高,其次是50~59岁,发病率较低的是20岁以下的青少年、儿童。男性发病率明显高于女性。病例以农民为主,占65.36%。结论为降低乙型肝炎发病率,首先应对易感人群尤其是新生儿和20岁以下青少年进行乙型肝炎疫苗预防接种;其次,强化对卫生医疗机构和饮食等服务行业的卫生监督执法力度;第三,提高住院分娩率,继而提高新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗首针及时接种率;第四,开展健康教育和健康促进工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (Hepatitis B) in Danzhai County of Guizhou Province from 2004 to 2008 and provide a scientific basis for the development of control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the cases of hepatitis B in Danzhai County from 2004 to 2008. Results The incidence of hepatitis B in Danzhai County increased from 2004 to 2008 with an average annual incidence of 83.30 per 100,000. The incidence of each month throughout the year, the peak incidence is not obvious. The highest incidence of 20 to 29 years old, followed by 50 to 59 years old, the lower the incidence of adolescents and children under 20 years of age. The incidence of males was significantly higher than that of females. The majority of cases were farmers, accounting for 65.36%. Conclusion In order to reduce the incidence of hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccination should be first carried out on susceptible people, especially newborns and adolescents under 20 years of age. Second, health supervision and law enforcement in health care institutions and catering and other service industries should be strengthened. Third, improve hospital delivery rate, and then improve the timely introduction of hepatitis B vaccine in newborns timely vaccination rate; Fourth, carry out health education and health promotion.