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以中科院拉萨高原生态试验站为依托,通过开展春青稞生长与土壤水分定位观测实验,利用SHAW模型实现对春青稞农田蒸散发与土壤水深层渗漏与补给过程模拟,分析了春青稞的耗水特征,并对其适宜的灌溉制度进行了初步探讨:①春青稞生长期间,耗水450 mm左右,其中,分蘖—拔节、拔节—抽穗、抽穗—蜡熟这3个阶段是春青稞的耗水旺期,耗水量占整个生长期的72%。把握住该时期的水分供应,对提高作物产量十分重要。②在春青稞的需水关键期降水量仅能满足作物需水的58%,必须补充人工灌溉;但现行的灌溉制度由于灌溉量较大,不仅加大土壤蒸发,更造成较大的深层渗漏。③在播种—出苗、拔节—抽穗期分别灌溉50 mm,抽穗—蜡熟期灌溉60 mm,共减少灌溉用水125 mm后,深层渗漏减少了81%(131 mm);深层土壤水向上补给量增加了55%(44 mm)。节水灌溉不仅减少了土壤蒸发与深层渗漏也促使深层土壤水向上补给根系层,应该大力推广这一灌溉制度。
Based on the Lhasa Plateau Ecological Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, by using the SHAW model to simulate the spring evapotranspiration and soil water depth leakage and recharge process, the spring water chestnuts growth and soil moisture positioning experiments were carried out. Characteristics and suitable irrigation system were discussed: ①In spring, the water consumption was about 450 mm, among which tiller-jointing, jointing-heading, heading-wax ripening were the water consumption Wang, water consumption accounted for 72% of the entire growing season. Grasp of the water supply during this period is very important to improve crop yields. ② The critical period of water demand in spring water consumption can only meet 58% of crop water demand, artificial irrigation must be added; However, the current irrigation system due to the larger amount of irrigation, not only increase soil evaporation, but also cause greater deep seepage leak. (3) In the seeding-emergence, jointing-heading stages, the depth of leakage was reduced by 81% (131 mm) after 50 mm of irrigation and 60 mm of heading-wax maturing, respectively, after the irrigation water was reduced by 125 mm. An increase of 55% (44 mm). Water-saving irrigation not only reduces soil evaporation and deep seepage but also forces deep soil water upwards to supply root system. This irrigation system should be vigorously promoted.