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作为一项经济建设与社会发展同在、民族进步和国家强盛并举的复杂系统工程 ,原苏联对中亚的开发有自己的独到之处 ,针对当时中亚的特点和实际情况 ,苏联实施了以经济建设为重点、科技为先导、大力发展文化教育事业为基础的独特开发战略 ,并采取了一系列战略措施。几十年的开发建设取得了举世公认的巨大成就 ,大大拉近了中亚地区与现代文明社会的距离 ,使得中亚多数地区由原来落后的封建游牧社会一跃进入到社会主义工业化社会。但也必须指出 ,苏联开发中亚在取得巨大成就的同时 ,从指导思想到具体实践都存在一些重大失误。认真总结苏联开发中亚的利弊得失对我西部大开发无疑具有重要的借鉴意义。
As a complicated systematic project of economic construction and social development with both national progress and strong national development, the former Soviet Union had its own uniqueness in the development of Central Asia. According to the characteristics and actual conditions of Central Asia at that time, Economic development as the focus, science and technology as the guide, vigorously develop the cause of culture and education based on the unique development strategy, and adopted a series of strategic measures. Decades of development and construction have achieved tremendous achievements universally recognized in the world, greatly narrowing the distance between Central Asia and the modern civilized society, making most areas in Central Asia leapfrogged from a primitive feudal nomadic society into a socialist industrialized society. However, we must also point out that while the Soviet Union has made great achievements in developing Central Asia, there have been some major mistakes in its guiding ideology and in its concrete practice. It is undoubtedly of great significance for us to conscientiously sum up the pros and cons of the Soviet Union in developing Central Asia.