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目的:了解儿童中重度缺铁性贫血(IDA)发生的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院儿科2011-09-2014-12收治的98例中重度IDA患儿的临床资料。结果:中重度IDA大部分发生在母乳喂养儿童和2岁以下儿童;早产,尤其是34周以下的早产儿是发生中重度IDA的主要高危因素(χ~2=23.135,P=0.000);未及时添加辅食也是危险因素(χ~2=11.674,P=0.020);重度IDA更易发生在农村患儿;2岁以上儿童中重度IDA常与其他疾病相关(χ~2=30.455,P=0.000)。结论:目前经济状况下儿童中重度IDA并不少见,应加强婴幼儿营养卫生宣教及定期体检以预防其发生,早期关注早产儿铁状态和及时补充铁剂对防治儿童中重度IDA至关重要。2岁以上儿童中重度IDA需考虑其他疾病的可能,注意寻找病因。
Objective: To understand the risk factors of moderate and severe iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children. Methods: The clinical data of 98 cases of moderate-to-severe IDA in our hospital from 2011-09-2014-12 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The majority of moderate-to-severe IDA occurred in breast-fed children and children under 2 years old. Preterm birth, especially premature infants under 34 weeks, was the major risk factor for developing moderate-to-severe IDA (χ ~ 2 = 23.135, P = 0.000) Timely supplementary food supplement was also a risk factor (χ ~ 2 = 11.674, P = 0.020); severe IDA was more likely to occur in rural children; moderate and severe IDA in children over 2 years old was often associated with other diseases (χ ~ 2 = 30.455, . Conclusion: It is not uncommon for children with moderate to severe IDA in the current economic situation. Nursing education and regular physical examination should be strengthened to prevent their occurrence. Early attention to iron status in preterm infants and timely iron supplementation are important for preventing and treating moderate to severe IDA in children. Moderate or severe IDA in children over 2 years old should consider the possibility of other diseases and pay attention to find the cause.