德国东部地区(原民主德国)已由计划经济转变为市场经济。然而这种转变颇为艰难,从计划经济自发地调整到市场经济是截然不同的两种经济结构的转变过程,原有的经济模式必须尽快消失,取而代之的是多种所有制结构。包括个人所有制、混合所有制、合作社所有制和国有制。私营企业将广泛存在于各类中小型企业之中,既有本国企业主,也有外国企业主。合作社遍及手工业、经销行业、服务业、运输业、农业及工业部门。国营企业分属国家、地区和州管理,具有典型的公共产权性质。但在过渡时期,国营企业还包括前民德联合企业。为避 The eastern part of Germany (formerly Democratic Germany) has been transformed from a planned economy to a market economy. However, this transformation is rather difficult. From the spontaneous readjustment of the planned economy to that of the market economy, which is a completely different process of transformation of the two economic structures, the original economic model must disappear as soon as possible and the multi-ownership structure replaced. Including individual ownership, mixed ownership, cooperative ownership and state ownership. Private enterprises will be widely found in all kinds of small and medium-sized enterprises, both domestic business owners and foreign business owners. Cooperatives cover handicrafts, distribution, service, transport, agriculture and industry. State-owned enterprises belong to the national, regional and state management, with the typical nature of public property. However, during the transitional period, the state-owned enterprises also included former MNCs. To avoid