“信息”这一名词经常出现在人们的日常交谈中,因而许多人认为他们明白这个词的含义,而要给“信息”下一个确切的定义,或至少在定义方式上达成共识都是相当困难的。事实上,“信息”对不同的人有不同的含义。1985年,鲁宾对信息一词的使用方式进行了归类。例如,一些人把信息看作是一种商品或产品,也就是说它是某种确定的实体。而有的人则认为它是一种编码或模式,如基因,或是经过大脑加工处理了的感观数据,或是通讯 The term “information” often appears in people’s daily conversation, and many people think they understand the meaning of the word, and it is rather difficult to give the exact definition of “information,” or at least the way it is defined of. In fact, “information” has different meanings to different people. Rubin categorized the way information was used in 1985. For example, some people treat information as a product or product, that is, it is a definite entity. While others think it is a coding or pattern, such as genes, or processed through the brain of the sensory data, or communication