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目的调查陕西省食品中稀土含量,并评估其对人体健康的影响。方法采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定655份食品中16种稀土元素含量。以GB 2762-2005《食品中污染物限量》为标准对植物性食品中稀土含量进行评价。采用点评估法计算陕西省居民稀土暴露量及各类食品的稀土贡献率。结果陕西省食品中稀土氧化物平均值为0.0951mg/kg(稀土元素平均值0.0761mg/kg),含量范围在0.0017-2.66mg/kg之间(稀土元素含量范围0.0014-2.21mg/kg)。不同种类食品中稀土含量有显著性差异,蔬菜含量最高,水果最低。16种稀土元素在食品中含量差异较大,铈、钕、钪、镧、钇含量高,表现为轻稀土相对富集。蔬菜超标率9.15%,粮食、水果均没有超标;单因子污染指数评价结果均为安全、清洁。陕西省居民每日通过饮食摄入稀土氧化物的量为91.0μg/d,占ADI的比例为2.17%。蔬菜和粮食对膳食稀土的贡献率超过了97.49%。结论陕西省食品中稀土污染程度低,居民通过食品摄入稀土的量是安全的。
Objective To investigate the content of rare earth in foods in Shaanxi Province and evaluate its effect on human health. Methods The contents of 16 rare earth elements in 655 food samples were determined by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The content of rare earth in plant foods was evaluated by GB 2762-2005 “Limit of Contaminants in Food”. Using point assessment method to calculate the rare earth exposure of Shaanxi residents and the contribution rate of all kinds of rare earths. Results The average content of rare earth oxides in food was 0.0951 mg / kg (average 0.0761 mg / kg for rare earth elements) in the range of 0.0017-2.66 mg / kg (0.0014-2.21 mg / kg for rare earth elements). Different types of food rare earth content was significantly different, the highest vegetable content, the lowest fruit. The contents of 16 kinds of rare earth elements in food are quite different. The content of cerium, neodymium, scandium, lanthanum and yttrium is high, which means the relative enrichment of light rare earth. Vegetable exceeding the standard rate of 9.15%, food, fruit are not exceeded; single factor pollution index evaluation results are safe and clean. The daily intake of rare earth oxides by residents in Shaanxi Province was 91.0 μg / d, accounting for 2.17% of ADI. The contribution of vegetables and grains to dietary RE exceeded 97.49%. Conclusions The rare earth pollution in food in Shaanxi Province is low, and the amount of rare earth inhaled by the residents is safe.