This paper selected the typical wind-water erosion crisscross region Xiliugou watershed for research to reveal the impact of the landscape pattern change of the underlying surface in wind-water erosion crisscross region where soil erosion is most serious on rainfall and runoff as well as erosion and sediment.Based on the Landsat TM image data and measured data of runoff-sediment in that watershed,the paper analyzed the characteristics of watershed landscape pattern change and runoff-sediment and explored the relationship between landscape index and runoff-sediment yield by means of GIS and Fragstats.The results were included as follows.(1)Grassland was the dominant landscape.In terms of the number of patches and area change rate,from 1985 to 2010,cultivated land,forest land and construction land were most stable,followed by unused land.Unused land,grassland and cultivated land experienced the most dramatic conversion and maximally affected by human activities.(2)The inter-annual difference between annual runoff and annual sediment load was significant.Compared with the annual sediment load,the trend of decreasing runoff was more obvious.The correlation coefficient of runoff-sediment was 0.67,representing a significant correlation.(3)There was a significant correlation between the landscape index and runoff-sediment.The runoff was negatively correlated with the largest patch index,patch cohesion index,aggregation index and contagion index,but positively correlated with landscape morphology index and landscape division index.And the sediment was negatively correlated with the contagion index,aggregation index and plaque cohesion index,but positively correlated with other landscape indexes.The results indicate that with the increase of the largest patch index,patch cohesion index and aggregation index,the rainfall infiltration capacity increase obviously and the soil erosion reduce significantly.Therefore,increasing the largest patch index,patch cohesion and aggregation index of the watershed landscape can enhance the function of water storage and soil conservation as well as ecological optimization in the windwater erosion crisscross region.The results can provide theoretical support for the ecological environment construction and comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources. This paper selected the typical wind-water erosion crisscross region Xiliugou watershed for research to reveal the impact of the landscape pattern change of the underlying surface in wind-water erosion crisscross region where soil erosion is the most serious on rainfall and runoff as well as erosion sediment. Based on the Landsat ™ image data and measured data of runoff-sediment in that watershed, the paper analyzed the characteristics of watershed landscape pattern change and runoff-sediment and explored the relationship between landscape index and runoff-sediment yield by means of GIS (1) Grassland was the dominant landscape.In terms of the number of patches and area change rate, from 1985 to 2010, cultivated land, forest land and construction land were most stable, followed by unused land.Unused land, grassland and cultivated land experienced the most dramatic conversion and maximally affected by human activities. (2) The inter-finite difference ence between annual runoff and annual sediment load was significant. Compared with the annual sediment load, the trend of decreasing runoff was more obvious. correlation coefficient of runoff-sediment was 0.67, representing a significant correlation. (3) There was a significant correlation between the landscape index and runoff-sediment. The runoff was negatively correlated with the largest patch index, patch cohesion index, aggregation index and contagion index, but positively correlated with landscape morphology index and landscape division index. And the sediment was negatively correlated with the contagion index, aggregation index and plaque cohesion index, but positively correlated with other landscape indexes. The results indicate that with the increase of the largest patch index, patch cohesion index and aggregation index, the rainfall infiltration capacity increase obviously and the soil erosion reduced .Therefore, increasing the largest patch index, patch cohesion and aggregation index of the watershed landscape can enhance the function of water storage and soil conservation as well as ecological optimization in the windwater erosion crisscross region. The results can provide theoretical support for the ecological environment construction and comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources.