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棉花枯萎病和黄萎病,是严重威胁棉花生产的两种世界性的重要病害。在我国各主产棉区均有不同程度的蔓延与为害。1973年全国发病面积为550万亩,占统计棉田的10％;1981年发病面积上升为1,152万亩,占统计棉田的19.4％,不到十年时间全国棉田发病面积增长了将近1倍。这两种病害对棉花为害重,造成损失大,尤其是枯萎病,常常引起大量死苗,导致缺株断垄,轻者减产20—30％,重者达50％以上,甚至绝收。病重年份,全国损失皮棉约200万担。在长期防治枯、黄萎的实践中,我国总结推广了一整套防治对策,取得了较大的成绩,收到了明显的经济效果。
Cotton Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt are two worldwide important diseases that threaten the cotton production seriously. In our major cotton producing areas have varying degrees of spread and damage. In 1973, the nationwide disease area was 5.5 million mu, accounting for 10% of the total. In 1981, the disease area increased to 11.52 million mu, accounting for 19.4% of the total. In less than a decade, the disease area in the country increased almost twice as much. These two diseases are damaging to cotton, resulting in large losses, especially fusarium wilt, which often cause a large number of dead seedlings, leading to the shortage of cuttings and ridges. The light yield is reduced by 20-30% and the heavy losses are even over 50%. Severe diseases, the national loss of about 2000000 lint Tam. In the long-term prevention and control of withered and wilted wilt, our country summed up and popularized a set of prevention and control measures, achieved great achievements and received obvious economic results.