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感染性疾病常有发热,临床上多从分析发热特点入手,在全面细致地询问病史和检查的基础上,注意下述三方面材料,逐步深入,综合分析,形成概念,最后不难得出结论。一、重视季节、地区及年龄,抓住要点发热是感染性疾病早期出现的重要症状之一,感染性疾病由于病原体、传播途径或媒介以及人体对疾病免疫力等不同,因而热性病的出现常有季节、地区和年龄等特点。因此,分析发热病例拟定诊断时,首先应注意发病季节、地区以及病人年龄等特点,借以缩小诊断范围,提出主要待诊疾病。 1.季节。一般冬春多见呼吸道疾病,夏秋多见胃肠道疾病;虫媒病虽四季均可见到,但蚊、螨媒介疾病多发生在夏秋,蚤、虱媒介疾病则常见于冬春;经皮肤传染疾病则多出现在雨季或秋收劳动中。
Infectious diseases often have fever, more clinical start from the analysis of fever characteristics, comprehensive and meticulous inquiries on the basis of history and examination, pay attention to the following three aspects of materials, and gradually in-depth, comprehensive analysis, the formation of the concept, the last is not difficult to draw conclusions. First, pay attention to the seasonal, regional and age, seize the main points Fever is one of the important symptoms of infectious diseases early, infectious diseases due to pathogens, transmission routes or media and the body’s immune system, etc., so often There are seasonal, regional and age characteristics. Therefore, the analysis of fever cases proposed diagnosis, the first should pay attention to the onset of the season, the region and the patient’s age and other characteristics, in order to narrow the scope of diagnosis, proposed the main disease to be diagnosed. Season Common winter and spring more common respiratory diseases, more common summer and autumn gastrointestinal diseases; Arbovirus can be seen in all seasons, but mosquitoes, mites and other media diseases occur in summer and autumn, fleas, lice vector disease is common in winter and spring; transdermal infection Diseases are more in the rainy season or harvest income work.