水是生命中不可缺少的物质,饮用水的质量对人体健康有着非常直接和重要的影响。现代城镇和乡村的饮用水源分别来自河流、湖泊、水库、天然泉水、深井水和浅层井水,这些水源的水质受到自然界和人类活动的影响,在成分上有很大的差异。天然泉水和深井水一般取自100米以下的地层深处,受人类活动污染影响比较少,其水质主要受地质条件的影响,含有各种无机盐和少量气体,其中有些元素如钠、钾、钙、铁、锌、铜、碘、硒等是人类生命代谢中必不可少的微量元素,而有的元素如汞、铅、铬等对人体有很大危害,也 Water is an indispensable substance in life. The quality of drinking water has a very direct and important impact on human health. The drinking water sources in modern towns and villages come from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, natural springs, deep well water and shallow well water, respectively. The water quality of these water sources is greatly influenced by the nature and human activities and greatly varies in composition. Natural spring water and deep well water are generally taken from the depths of strata below 100 meters and are less affected by human activities. Their water quality is mainly affected by geological conditions, including various inorganic salts and a small amount of gas, some of which are sodium, potassium, Calcium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, selenium and other trace elements essential for human life and metabolism, and some elements such as mercury, lead, chromium and other great harm to humans, but also