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中国经济的高速发展吸引了大量外资,但外商很有可能把高污染的产业转移到了中国,使中国成为“污染产业的避难所”。通过对中国东部地区 9 省市实际利用日本直接投资额、对日本总出口值与工业固体废物产生量( 环境污染指标之一) 之间关系的分析表明,日商对中国直接投资并没有出现支持“污染避难所”假设中的证据,相反,外商直接投资能显著降低工业固体废物的产生量。但是,产品出口能加剧工业固体废物的产生和污染。同时,目前的对外贸易在高污染产业中没有正的技术效应。尽管贸易增长对环境污染存在负规模效应,贸易对污染产生的正结构效应和正技术效应可能在其他产业中出现,但在高污染的钢铁产业中没有出现。相应的环境污染治理对策应当是: 其一,在高污染产业中进行技术更新和产业结构升级,改变出口产品的结构; 其二,与主要贸易伙伴国进行谈判,对出口产品开征适当的污染税,共同承担环境污染的责任。
The rapid economic development in China has attracted a lot of foreign investment, but foreign investors are likely to shift the highly polluting industries to China and make China a “sanctuary for polluting industries.” An analysis of the relationship between Japan’s total export value and the volume of industrial solid waste generated (one of the indicators of environmental pollution) by making actual use of Japanese direct investment in 9 provinces and municipalities in eastern China shows that Japanese businessmen do not show any support for China’s direct investment “Pollution shelter ” hypothesis, on the contrary, foreign direct investment can significantly reduce the amount of industrial solid waste generated. However, the export of products can exacerbate the generation and pollution of industrial solid waste. At the same time, the current foreign trade has no positive technical effect in the highly polluting industries. Although trade growth has negative economies of scale on environmental pollution, the positive structural effect and positive technological effect of trade on pollution may appear in other industries, but not in the highly polluting steel industry. Corresponding environmental pollution control measures should be: First, technological upgrading and upgrading of industrial structure in highly polluting industries to change the structure of export products; Second, negotiations with major trading partners to impose appropriate pollution tax on export products , Share the responsibility of environmental pollution.