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目的:探讨生长分化因子- 15（GDF-15）和血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）在急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）患者严重程度分级及预后预测中的应用价值。方法:选择2019年1月至2020年2月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院呼吸重症监护病房（RICU）收治的18～75岁ARDS患者为研究对象。所有患者均根据病情进行机械通气、抗感染、维持水和电解质及酸碱内环境稳定、血液净化及营养支持等常规治疗，并于入科后行脉搏指示连续心排血量监测（PiCCO），记录治疗前及治疗24、48、72 h的EVLWI；同期采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清GDF-15水平。根据ARDS 2012柏林标准将患者分为轻、中、重度，比较不同病情程度患者治疗前后EVLWI、GDF-15水平。此外，GDF-15以3 458 ng/L、EVLWI以15 mL/kg为界限，比较分析不同GDF-15或EVLWI水平患者重症监护病房（ICU）住院时间、ICU病死率和28 d病死率。结果:共入选82例ARDS患者，轻度22例，中度28例，重度32例。中、重度组ARDS患者治疗前后各时间点GDF-15、EVLWI水平均高于轻度ARDS者。重度ARDS患者GDF-15和EVLWI水平均高于中度组，除治疗24 h GDF-15水平差异无统计学意义外（ng/L：3 900.41±546.43比3 695.66±604.73，n P>0.05），其他各时间点差异均有统计学意义〔GDF-15（ng/L）：治疗前为3 786.11±441.45比3 106.83±605.09，48 h为3 895.48±558.96比3 333.29±559.66，72 h为3 397.33±539.56比3 047.53±499.57；EVLWI（mL/kg）：治疗前为19.06±1.91比14.31±1.50，24 h为18.56±2.23比13.26±1.69，48 h为17.23±1.76比12.45±1.36，72 h为15.47±1.81比11.13±2.19，均n P<0.05〕。根据截断值处理，GDF-15≥3 458 ng/L和GDF-15<3 458 ng/L者各23例，EVLWI≥15 mL/kg、EVLWI<15 mL/kg者各23例；高GDF-15者ICU住院时间和28 d病死率显著高于低GDF-15者〔ICU住院时间（d）：21.22±2.69比15.37±3.14，28 d病死率：56.5%比21.7%，均n P<0.05〕；高EVLWI患者ICU住院时间和28 d病死率也显著高于低EVLWI患者〔ICU住院时间（d）：18.45±2.61比14.98±2.75，28 d病死率：47.8%比17.4%，均n P 0.05). [GDF-15 (ng/L): 3 786.11±441.45 vs. 3 106.83±605.09 before treatment, 3 895.48±558.96 vs. 3 333.29±559.66 at 48 hours, 3 397.33±539.56 vs. 3 047.53±499.57 at 72 hours; EVLWI (mL/kg): 19.06±1.91 vs. 14.31±1.50 before treatment, 18.56±2.23 vs. 13.26±1.69 at 24 hours, 17.23±1.76 vs. 12.45±1.36 at 48 hours, 15.47±1.81 vs. 11.13±2.19 at 72 hours, all n P < 0.05]. According to the cut-off value, there were 23 patients with GDF-15 ≥ 3 458 ng/L and GDF-15 < 3 458 ng/L respectively and there were 23 patients with EVLWI ≥ 15 mL/kg and EVLWI < 15 mL/kg respectively. The length of ICU stay and 28-day mortality in patients with high GDF-15 were significantly higher than those in patients with low GDF-15 [length of ICU stay (days): 21.22±2.69 vs. 15.37±3.14, 28-day mortality: 56.5% vs. 21.7%, both n P < 0.05]. The length of ICU stay and 28-day mortality in patients with high EVLWI were also significantly higher than those in patients with low EVLWI [length of ICU stay (days): 18.45±2.61 vs. 14.98±2.75, 28-day mortality: 47.8% vs. 17.4%, both n P < 0.05].n Conclusion:To some extent, GDF-15 and EVLWI levels reflect the severity of patients with ARDS, and high GDF-15 and EVLWI levels are significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with ARDS.