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目的了解内蒙古流动作业人员职业病危害现状并提出相应的防治对策。方法采用问卷调查法对187家企业、1526名流动作业人员和职业卫生服务机构进行调查。结果所调查1526名流动作业人员中,接触职业病危害因素的占66.91%,职业病危害告知率为52.9%,岗前培训率为47.6%,防护用品配备率为52.28%;岗前、岗间,离岗时的职业健康检查率分别为44.0%、64.2%和零,体检结果告知率为65.7%,异常者复查率为39.0%;所调查的187家企业中,职业健康监护档案的建档率为42.2%,配备专职职业卫生管理人员仅占18.9%。结论内蒙古流动作业人员职业病危害现状不容乐观;应结合其实际制定针对流动作业人员的可操作性的、系统性的、长效的职业卫生规划,并应积极探索适合流动作业人员的职业健康监护模式。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational hazards in mobile workers in Inner Mongolia and to put forward corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 187 enterprises, 1526 migrant workers and occupational health service agencies. Results Among the 1526 migrant workers surveyed, 66.91% were exposed to occupational hazards, 52.9% were occupational disease hazards, 47.6% were pre-job training, and 52.28% were equipped with protective equipment. Before and after the job, Occupational health check-ups were 44.0%, 64.2% and zero respectively, the rate of examination results was 65.7% and that of abnormal persons was 39.0%. Among the 187 enterprises surveyed, the occupancy rate of occupational health monitoring files was 42.2%, equipped with full-time occupational health management personnel accounted for only 18.9%. Conclusions The current status of occupational hazards in mobile workers in Inner Mongolia is not optimistic. It should be based on the actual formulation of a practical, systematic and long-term occupational health plan for mobile workers, and should actively explore occupational health monitoring mode suitable for mobile workers .