放射性废物处置选择的理论研究表明,这种废物的放射生物学危害主要来自于长寿命(物理半衰期为2.14×10~6年)的、发射α射线的同位素~(237)Np。在上述研究中,假设食物和水中的~(237)Np,经由胃肠道的吸收是1%。这一数值被国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP,1980年)用来计算工作者食入无机态Np 的年摄入量极限。1%这一吸收水平,是以Sullivan 和Ballou 等人的实验结果为依据的,他们一次给予大鼠~(237)Np-硝酸盐的剂量是7～14mg,胃肠道吸收水平是1.5、1.2和0.12%。 Theoretical studies of radioactive waste disposal options indicate that the radiobiological hazard of such wastes mainly comes from the long-lived isotope (237) Np that emits α-rays with a long-lived (physical half-life of 2.14 × 10-6 years). In the above study, assuming that ~ (237) Np in food and water, the absorption through the gastrointestinal tract is 1%. This value is used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, 1980) to calculate the annual intake limit for workers ingesting inorganic Np. The absorption level of 1% was based on the experimental results of Sullivan and Ballou et al. They administered a single dose of ~ 237 Np-nitrate to rats at 7 to 14 mg and had a gastrointestinal uptake of 1.5 and 1.2 And 0.12%.