目的：建立一种快速、敏感及特异的早期诊断肺结核病方法。方法：采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，检测了６４例肺结核患者的外周血与痰标本结核杆菌ＤＮＡ。结果：外周血结核杆菌ＤＮＡ的阳性率为６７．２％（４３／６４）；痰标本的阳性率为２９．６％（１９／６４）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：用ＰＣＲ技术诊断肺结核病，可提高临床检测的特异性和敏感性 Objective: To establish a rapid, sensitive and specific method for early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in 64 cases of peripheral blood and sputum from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: The positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosisDNA in peripheral blood was 67.2% (43/64). The positive rate of sputum specimens was 29.6% (19/64) (P <0.05). Conclusion: PCR diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis can improve the specificity and sensitivity of clinical testing